Young animals and children can experience growth spurts that may cause lameness and temporary unsoundness. When it comes to Pomeranians, the general age for them to experience this is between 5-18 months. This won’t happen to all Poms, but it’s far from being a strange occurrence.
The time period in which this spontaneous limp may appear often coincides with teething and is usually an indication of being fed an incorrect diet for many months. If the puppy is lacking calcium, please don’t start giving calcium supplements. Instead, look at immediately improving your Pomeranian’s diet by increasing his intake of dairy foods such as puppy milk, cheese and yoghurt. 
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We know how much love you have for your dog but never let this stop you from seeking a second opinion and always explore all possible choices before seriously considering surgical intervention. I sincerely hope this information has given you a degree of insight and advice into this complicated health condition.
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Pomeranian Health Problems
Pomeranians are Health Tested for the following:
Eye Examination by a Ophthalmologist.
Cardiac Evaluation Advanced Cardiac Exam – OR Congenital Cardiac Exam – Recommend followup evaluation between 3 and 5 years of age.
Patellar Luxation
Hip Dysplasia (Optional)
Legg-Calve-Perthes
Hypothyroidism
Pomeranian health Test Results should be recorded on the Canine Health Information Center, also known as CHIC database.
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In the hot summer months, you’re always looking for as many ways as possible to keep your beloved Pomeranian cool. One way is through the food you give him. Cold treats are terrific because your dog will love them and the extra coldness will help keep him feeling more comfortable so you win on both counts. You also want to keep your Pom healthy and happy so it’s smarter to make the cold treats yourself. There are times when products are recalled due to health scares and no owner wants his pet to endure even a moment of pain or discomfort if it can be avoided. You’ll save money and can also provide more variety in the types of treats you make. Eventually you’ll identify what he likes and doesn’t like and then it’s easy to make his treats, while also saving you money.
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If your Pom is having a bowel movement, you may check it out and wonder if it’s normal, or if it’s too hard. You may see your Pom having trouble, straining and struggling, to empty his bowels. Then you’ll find other owners who just don’t care. This article will help teach you what Pomeranian stool samples should and should NOT look like, as well as many aspects of bowel movements.
Pomeranian Constipation.
If your Pom suffers from constipation, he’ll have various difficulties with bowel movements including: • Lots of trouble just pushing out one small log. • Small occasional movements. • No movements at all, even if he pushes as hard as possible.
Define “normal.”
Frequency.
A healthy Pomeranian will generally have 1 – 2 stools each day. More than that may indicate diarrhoea or problems with loose stools. If he only has a single stool every second day, it’s likely that he has constipation.
Consistency. Normal dog faeces should have a dough-like consistency. If you’re taking him for a walk and he stops to drop a stool, you would pick it up in a bag and it would be in one piece, although a little soft. If it comes out in a small pile of rocks or one hard piece, that’s constipation.
Shape. A dog’s normal poop shape will generally be like a log. However, it may come out in a spiral form, like a typical soft serve ice cream. Then it ends up as a small mound in a corkscrew form. If it still has a dough-like consistency, you can regard it as normal. With constipation, it’s often released like tiny shot gun pellets.
Colours.
• Normal. The colour of your Pomeranian’s poop has no direct link to constipation but it can still teach you things. If he has no problems, his stool will be a medium brown chocolate colour. If he’s eating manufactured foods with lots of artificial colouring, those green, blue or red colours may appear in his stool. If you’re giving him a large amount of colouring in his food, that can also affect the stool’s colour.
• Bright red colour. This can mean he’s bleeding inside because he’s so badly constipated that his internal tissues get torn while he struggles to push out the stool. It may indicate he has a different medical complaint needing further investigation.
• Dark black. If your Pomeranian’s stool is a “tarry black” colour, this can mean he’s bleeding inside. He may have an issue with his gastrointestinal tract because that creates this slick black colour. You need to talk to your vet urgently if this colour appears. • Very light tan. This colour often means he has liver problems and so a trip to the vet is necessary so he can be checked out properly.
Reasons for Pomeranian Constipation.
There are five main reasons for your Pomeranian to have constipation: 1) Dehydration is the most common cause. Your dog’s stools are 75% water. If he doesn’t drink enough water, there won’t be sufficient fluids to get into his intestines and soften his poop so it can be expelled without the need to strain. 2) Your Pom may ingest a foreign body. This list can include grass, coins, small pebbles and much more. 3) Side effects of medications. Is your pet on any medications? Many drugs can cause constipation. For example, antihistamines prescribed for allergies and iron supplements to improve deficiencies. 4) Habit. If your Pomeranian is left alone at home for lengthy periods and is forced to control his urge to visit the bathroom, he may get used to doing this automatically. If he’s in a for a long car ride, on a plane or in a boarding kennel, he may feel uneasy and stop himself from pooping. 5) If you feed your senior dog only dry food, that can quickly cause constipation.
Symptoms and Signs of Constipation.
if your Pomeranian is constipated, he’ll have infrequent movements of his bowels or he’ll have to strain hard.
Prevention.
Here are numerous actions you can take to protect your Pomeranian from becoming constipated:
1. Drink sufficient water. Some dogs are fussy when it comes to drinking water and they’ll refuse to drink warm, stale or dirty water. So, you need to ensure your Pom has plenty of fresh water and it’s replaced at least twice a day, depending on the weather and how much is consumed. It’s best to use filtered water because it won’t have any nasties in it. Use two or more bowls placed at strategic places around your home. Have plenty of spare bowls so you can replace a bowl of warm water with a clean bowl of filtered water and toss the replaced bowl in the sink for cleaning later if you can’t do it immediately. Particles from food can easily transfer to water so this should be avoided if possible. Never use cheap plastic bowls for water or food. Ceramic and stainless steel are the two best choices. The colouring in plastic bowls can leak and end up being stuck to your pet’s coat and face. Ask your vet or talk to a shop owner who specialises in Pomeranian products.
During hot weather, your Pomeranian will drink a lot more water so you have to be vigilant in replacing his water more frequently. If he’s very active, he’ll need more water on those days too. So keeping your Pomeranian properly hydrated at all times is a critical part of caring for your pet and ensuring he doesn’t get constipated.
2. Puppy proof your home. Regardless of whether your Pom is a puppy or an adult, you must still puppy proof your home because dogs are naturally curious. He may swallow things such as hair pins, coins, buttons and other foreign bodies if he discovers them. Remember your dog sees things from an entirely different angle to you so it pays to move around on your belly and look under everything, so you can see and retrieve items that may have been kicked under your table, chair, couch or bed.
3. Don’t eat the grass. Don’t allow your Pomeranian to consume grass because it’s not food; it’s regarded as a foreign substance. Watch him when he’s outside and stop him if he tries to eat grass. He may also ingest pebbles which can block create a blockage and constipation as a result. Most lawns will absorb polluted rainwater, stinging insects and lawn chemicals. The main reason dogs eat grass is if they’re not getting enough nutrients so feed them healthy greens instead.
4. Feed him a well-balanced diet. There’s plenty of information available about the ideal commercial and home cooked foods to feed your Pomeranian. There are also healthy manufactured snacks available for him. For example, small baby carrots are a food they enjoy. Green peas and beans can be mixed in with their regular food.
5. Medication. If your Pomeranian has been prescribed medication for allergies and also has constipation, talk to your vet. If your beloved pet is badly constipated, changing his medication dose or type may help or a constipation reliever may be needed.
6. Home alone? If your pet spends most of the time at home on his own, ensure you have organised a comfortable, happy environment so he’ll move his bowels when needed and won’t try to “hold on” until you arrive home. Don’t make his space too confined or he’ll try not to poop. Never keep him locked in a crate all day. They should only be used for transport. 
Instead, get either a canine playpen or canine gates so you can fence of an inside area. Ensure there is room for his bed, space to play with toys, and a corner he can use for a bathroom. Even if he doesn’t do his business in the right spot, it’s ok as your chief aim is to teach him how to do it outside. Lay a few pee pads in his space in case his aim isn’t true. You want him to feel comfortable having bowel movements in his pen and that will help avoid episodes of constipation.
7. Senior dogs. If your senior Pomeranian is being fed only kibble, he may become constipated. However, you can soak the kibble in water for 20 minutes before giving it to your pet. If you do home cooking, ensure there’s plenty of moisture in the food.
8. Long distance traveling. If your beloved pet becomes constipated during long car trips, pull over every two hours. Keep him on his leash but let him stretch, eat a snack, drink some water, and then go to the bathroom.
Constipated Pomeranian Remedy.
The steps mentioned above can help treat minor to moderate bouts of constipation.
Many Pomeranians will respond well to drinking milk. If your dog does NOT have constipation, too much milk can cause diarrhoea. But if you add a quarter of a cup of milk to your constipated pet’s food or in an empty bowl to drink (if he enjoys the taste), it can ease constipation. Don’t give him more than that or his stomach can feel queasy. If the problem persists, a vet is the best option. He may prescribe a laxative. NEVER give a dog a human laxative because it can kill him. The vet will prescribe a laxative containing lactulose, a substance very safe for your pet and also extremely effective.
If you think your Pomeranian has a blockage that prevents him from pooping, get him to the emergency vet hospital urgently.
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Pomeranians are very cute and adorable in every way. So it can be upsetting when we see that our Pomeranian is eating poop. This is frustrating for owners and it may cause your Pomeranian to pick up bacteria and parasites that can cause diarrhoea and other health problems. This behaviour is often embarrassing for people who own Pomeranians and it’s also extremely bad for a dog’s health. Let’s look at all this in greater detail so you’ll know what to do if this happens to your dog.
Reason 1. Your pet might be eating low quality commercial food containing lots of indigestible “fillers.” This causes lots of poop and it smells exactly the same as the dog food your pet has consumed. You’ll know whether commercial food is good or bad by the consistency and amount of poop your dog produces. I would recommend changing to a healthier diet. One of the most common reasons why a dog may eat his poop or that from other dogs is because his food is missing essential nutrients. If your dog’s body craves something specific, his canine instincts will make him eat it, wherever he can find it, including in poop. Your first course of action is to analyse what you’re feeding your dog for his meals and snacks. Some of the manufactured foods are ok to eat but many contain these bad fillers.
What exactly are fillers?
Fillers are ingredients that manufacturers add to dog food to make it more bulky. This is done to give the appearance of more food than there really is. It “fluffs” the food up so it looks like a lot of food when the fillers have no nutrients or calories at all. If your Pom eats these foods regularly, he may still feel hungry and he’ll eventually be deficient in various vitamins and minerals. If you need to use manufactured food, it’s a wise move to also feed your beloved dog the best vitamin and mineral supplement you can buy to help balance out his diet and keep him healthy. Your other choice is to make food for your dog at home. This is the only guaranteed way you’ll know that your pet is getting healthy, wholesome, fresh food for his meals and snacks. Another benefit is that Pomeranians love homemade food. Owners often find that making the food themselves solves any problems with the dog being a picky eater and will stop him eating poop while he’s outside.
Reason 2. One of the most common reasons why a dog may eat his poop or that from other dogs is because his food is missing essential nutrients. If your dog’s body craves something specific, his canine instincts will make him eat it, wherever he can find it, including in poop. Your first course of action is to analyse what you’re feeding your dog for his meals and snacks. Some of the manufactured foods are ok to eat but many contain these bad fillers. What exactly are fillers? Fillers are ingredients that manufacturers add to dog food to make it more bulky. This is done to give the appearance of more food than there really is. It “fluffs” the food up so it looks like a lot of food when the fillers have no nutrients or calories at all. If your Pom eats these foods regularly, he may still feel hungry and he’ll eventually be deficient in various vitamins and minerals. If you need to use manufactured food, it’s a wise move to also feed your beloved dog the best vitamin and mineral supplement you can buy to help balance out his diet and keep him healthy. Your other choice is to make food for your dog at home. This is the only guaranteed way you’ll know that your pet is getting healthy, wholesome, fresh food for his meals and snacks. Another benefit is that Pomeranians love homemade food. Owners often find that making the food themselves solves any problems with the dog being a picky eater and will stop him eating poop while he’s outside.
Reason 3. The answer is that it may simply be curiosity and that can become a habit. Some owners claim their dog eats virtually anything. Some dogs will sniff and taste most things so they can work out what it is, if it’s edible and whether they do or don’t like its taste. It’s difficult to consider a dog that enjoys the taste of faeces. However, it can depend on what foods are digested and then expelled. If your dog is eating poop, there has to be something in it that he likes or he wouldn’t do it. If a Pom eats poop once and isn’t taught that he shouldn’t do so, he may keep looking for poop and eating it. You have to remember that if a wrong behaviour isn’t corrected, your dog will simply assume it’s ok and he’s allowed to do it.
There are a few ways you can prevent your Pomeranian from eating poop
When you housetrain your Pom, just pick one specific area. Then your dog can choose his exact spot. That spot must not be used for anything except for the bathroom area. It should never be used as an exercise or play area. Ensure your pet’s environment is kept clean. After your Pomeranian has done his business, scoop it up and lead him away from that area. Watch him closely when you take him to parks and other places where other dogs play and walk. Eating faeces produced by other dogs may cause an infestation of worms. The moment you notice your Pom walking towards any faeces, clap your hands loudly to get his attention. Then change his focus to something else and, when he complies, reward that good behaviour. If your yard has an open area where your Pomeranian can run around in, you must go outside first and collect any poop. Use a hose to spray water on any piles you find is the fastest way because the water makes it dissolve into the ground.
Make sure your Pomeranian is now eating homemade food.
Make his poop taste really bad.
If you add meat tenderiser in small amounts to his food, this can deter him from eating his faeces. People have suggested adding pineapple, pumpkin or a stool deterrent supplement as other options. Your vet can also give you medicine to make the poop taste very bitter. It’s important to only use a single additive to avoid overbalancing your pet’s digestive system. Talk to your vet before trying anything because too much may cause other issues and some dogs could also be allergic to certain additives. Make sure your dog has plenty of exercise and play time. If a dog is bored, he may damage property and develop unwanted behavioural patterns. Healthy Home Cooking for all Pomeranians is ONLY available here on #1 The Pomeranian Information Site as an eBook in PDF format. Download and store on your computer, tablet, phone and print a hardcopy if required. Healthy Home Cooking for all Poms is a MUST have item for ALL Pomeranian Parents.
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Pomeranian owners learn very quickly that their pet Pom is one of the family, not a mere creature kept outsider on a leash all day. Owners lavish praise when necessary and love their pets very much. Unfortunately, Poms can’t speak English and tell you when something is wrong. So it’s critical that you closely watch their overall behaviour to determine if problems do exist. The slightest behavioural change could mean your pet is sick. Catching and diagnosing illnesses such as toxic poisoning and overheating needs to happen as fast as possible. This may occur if he travels with you in your car but is more serious if he’s made to travel in a plane. The sooner he’s healed from toxic poisoning or overheating, the better he’ll become. There are a few over-the-counter flea medications you may be giving him that could be detrimental to his health. Poms with long hair have a great area for little parasites to grow. If your furry bundle of joy is scratching all the time, it may be due to fleas. If it persists, then you need to take stronger action It’s very important to use the right treatment because some may harm your pet Pom. Getting fleas, Lyme disease, tape worm and various other pests is a serious matter. Even when you use Spot On, Frontline or Advantix, the risk is still possible. In Poms and other toy breeds, this happens even more. In March 2010, a year-long study into flea treatments by the EPA published their findings and these are the results they discovered: • Most side effects were found in dogs that weighed 10 – 20 pounds. • Mixed dog breeds had more reactions and the dogs in the highest risk group included: Pomeranians, Maltese, Bichon Frise, Dachshund, Miniature Poodles, Chihuahua, Shih Tzu and Yorkshire Terriers apparently had the greatest risk. • Small breeds also seemed especially affected by products containing permethrin and cyphenothrin. • Incidents happened most frequently in dogs under the age of three, mostly the first time they came into contact with a spot-on product.
The main problems cats and dogs faced were related to their GI tract, skin and nervous system.
• GI problems included: diarrhoea, vomiting and excessive salivation. • Skin issues included: itching, redness, sores, hair loss and ulcers. • Nervous system troubles included: seizures, tremors, ataxia (movement issues), nervousness and lethargy. 
These risks started increasing a number of years prior to the study after spot on flea treatments were being sold over the counter. This meant a vet visit wasn’t necessary to buy these medications. Secondly, vets weren’t able to provide owners with practical advice BEFORE such products were purchased. Generic brands began to match brand names in terms of sales. This wasn’t a good situation because the medication (which is actually a pesticide) is applied to your Pomeranian’s neck, at the very back of it. The pesticide is placed at the rear of the pet’s neck so he doesn’t lick it. The pesticide’s job is to kill fleas without harming your pet. Most cases where harm has occurred is due to not having used the pesticide in the correct manner. If you see a vet before buying a product, you’ll be given sound advice on where and how to apply the treatment. After generic brands were introduced to the marketplace, risks of harm increased as chemicals in these products were different or stronger. If you need to deal with fleas on your Pom, talk to your vet first (ideally a holistic vet if available). Then you’ll be given professional advice regarding the type, dose, location and frequency of the flea treatment. Your pet will be weighed properly, and this is critical because calculating dosages for the treatment is based on body weight. If you have two or more Poms, don’t split the same treatment product between both animals because it’s unsafe. Don’t use any flea products on pregnant or older dogs. Always read full instructions carefully and ring your vet if you have questions BEFORE using it. Once it has been applied to your Pom, you need to monitor him to ensure there are no bad side effects or behavioural alterations such as diarrhoea, vomiting, twitching, excessive salivating, disorientation or seizures. If anything like this happens, stop the treatment and ring the vet urgently to find out what to do next. You may be able to resolve the problem or, if not, your vet will be more than happy to help you protect your beloved Pomeranian. Copyright Pomeranian.Org. All Rights Reserved.
Does your Pomeranian chew or lick his paws sometimes? While it may seem like an innocent activity (and often is), there are also times when there’s a problem you need to identify and rectify.
Basic reasons for paw licking and chewing:
The first reason why dogs lick their paws and that’s for the taste. The second, and more important, reason is as a means of communication. Owners don’t often recognise that this is potentially a serious problem and so they ignore it. So their pet keeps on licking or chewing a specific part of their paw(s), making the problem worse. If your pet continues to chew and/or lick his paws, the friction caused by his tongue and teeth can cause the following problems: Sorry the complete article is only available to our Premium members. You owe it to your Pomeranian to learn correct Pomeranian care. Please join us now. Copyright Pomeranian.org. All Rights Reserved.
While the puppy develops inside his mother, there is an extremely small chance of a shunt occurring. While a dog is a foetus, he needs assistance from the mother’s liver to help detoxify his systems. Embryos don’t have a functioning liver until near the end of the gestational period. At the start of gestation, a naturally existing liver shunt pushes the blood into his liver and then out again where it heads straight for his heart. So the mother’s body needs to handle the detoxifying process for both herself and her foetus. Ductus venosus is the name of the liver shunt that works while a puppy is still developing inside his mother. Just before puppy is born, this shunt must close so the puppy’s liver will start to work properly on its own. If the shunt doesn’t close off prior to birth, leaving an open shunt, this is known as a patent ductus venosus and the puppy is born with this intra-hepatic liver shunt. This occurs if there’s a genetic anomaly, meaning that the blood gets routed around the liver when it should flow through it. The extra shunt also happens when the pup is growing in utero.
Indicators and symptoms
There are various signs and symptoms that a liver shunt may exist and stops the liver from performing its two main functions: • Distribution of protein to help the pup grow better and possess functional nutritional response. • Proper detoxification of the body. There are two types of symptoms to watch for: 1. Toxicosis. This can depress the puppy’s central nervous system and cause diarrhoea, vomiting, stupor and lethargy. In the most extreme cases where the detoxification process isn’t occurring and toxins cross the brain-blood barrier, your puppy may experience seizures and various nervous system side effects. 2. Failure to thrive. If this problem happens, your puppy may not grow properly. His muscle tone can be poor; he may remain very small in size; he’ll sleep much more than normal, and he won’t develop as well as other puppies in his litter. Dog breeds that are prone to having an intra hepatic shunt include: Labradors, Samoyeds, Australian cattle dogs, Old English sheepdogs and Australian Shepherds. Small dog breeds more commonly have extra hepatic shunts and these breeds include: the Jack Russell, Lhasa, Poodles, Shih Tzu, Cairn Terrier, Maltese and Yorkshire Terriers.
Using blood tests to detect a liver shunt
Diagnosis a liver shunt in a puppy is extremely hard to do. If he’s born very small, doesn’t put on weight or thrive, and has visible issues with his central nervous system, they’re definite indicators to check. However, in mild cases it may be hard to correctly identify if the shunt isn’t very significant. Certain blood tests can help identify the presence of a shunt. The puppy’s Blood-Urea-Nitrogen (BUN) level may be low (this is a kidney measurement), as can albumin levels (a circulating protein). AST and ALT (liver enzymes) may be higher than normal and they indicate that the liver has been damaged. The main test to determine whether a liver shunt does exist is a test for bile acids. The liver creates these acids and they’re stored inside the gallbladder which then secretes them to enable your pet to properly absorb fat. They’re then absorbed by the small intestine and the back to the liver for recycling. If your Pomeranian’s liver doesn’t have sufficient blood flow to recycle the acids, their value can become very high when blood works are done. Most labs find that the values of the bile acid is lower than 20. You may be able to identify a liver shunt is present in your pet because her bile acids are more than 100. It’s essential that your vet does pre-anaesthetic bloodwork and checks your puppy’s internal organs is because puppies are usually neutered or spayed when they’re six months of age and checking that his organs work properly isn’t necessary for a puppy that young. If your puppy takes twice or three times as long to recover from an anaesthetic, the vet may be surprised, or even shocked, to discover the puppy does have a liver shunt. If his blood isn’t flowing properly, the anaesthetic can’t be dispersed properly because it’s the liver that processes anaesthesia. It’s the worst way to learn of the existent of a shunt. Your Veterinarian should always be proactive and check blood work and organ functions prior to having anaesthesia for the very first time. Your dog’s liver function must be sufficient to cope with anaesthetic at any time.
Extra diagnostic tests
Other diagnostic tests are the only way to learn if the puppy has a liver shunt and whether it’s intra (in the liver) or extra-hepatic (outside the liver). These include: CT scan, MRI, ultrasound, portography (testing the liver’s blood flow) and surgical exploration. If you know your puppy’s quality of life is poor, then it’s time to carry out these tests as they can be costly. If your puppy isn’t growing as well as he should, or has signs of central nervous system issues, it’s time to consider what tests to carry out. If his health is deteriorating to the point where he may have to be euthanised, that’s certainly a time to run these tests. Once the vet has got the results of all these tests and knows what the exact problem is, he can evaluate whether surgical intervention is appropriate because this is the best method for treating most liver shunt scenarios. However, if it’s an intra hepatic shunt, it’s harder to fix with surgery, the prognosis isn’t very good and there the risk of other complications occurring after the surgery has been carried out. On the other hand, extra hepatic shunts can be fixed quite easily through surgery. This can prevent further complications and ensure your pet has good quality of life.
Treating a liver shunt in your Pomeranian puppy
If your Pom does have a liver shunt but there are no visible symptoms and it’s only because of blood work that you learn that your pet has a problem, there are various forms of treatment that can be used (other than surgery). There are a number of herbal compounds and neutraceuticals that can help your pet’s body detoxify itself. These include: dandelion, milk thistle, acetyl methionine and SAM-e. You can also use various Chinese herbal remedies and other homeopathic concoctions to help his body become detoxified Look at the food you give your dog and how much nutrients are contained in each different type of food. As carnivores, dogs must be fed protein to live a healthy life. His liver processes protein so if there’s a shunt, he can’t deal with the protein he’s given and his diet needs to be modified so he eats less protein. He can’t be on a NO-protein diet or he may suffer from hypoproteinemia. 
Because you feed him less protein, the type and quality of protein you do feed him MUST be top quality protein such as human-grade meats. In an ideal world, choose organic, raw meat as the base for his meals. It’s critical that you learn more about what constitutes high and low quality protein and your vet can offer advice in this matter. Many of the commercially available diets for dogs with liver shunts contain a low grade of protein. While it IS rendered, the dog will still have difficulty processing the protein. The perfect diet, if your beloved pet has a liver shunt, is a homemade diet. Then you know exactly what you’re feeding your dog. Talk to a pet nutritionist for expert advice so you’ll know what you can and can’t feed your dog. While food needs to be low in protein, it also has to satisfy his nutritional requirements with regards to vitamins, minerals, fatty acids and antioxidants. Dogs with shunts are more prone to bladder stones due to a reduction in minerals in their diet. If you can give him sufficient nutrition, you’ll hopefully avoid that problem, as well as any additional stress on his kidneys. Your pet nutritionist will work with you to design a well-rounded diet that has less protein but more of the healthier foods to ensure he lives a long, healthy, happy dog, despite the existence of a liver shunt that prevents his liver from performing at 100% efficiency. Copyright Pomeranian.org. All Rights Reserved.
